Constructive-geographical and environmental research of land resources: methodological principles

Abstract

The problems of land use are both geographical and ecological in nature, since the peculiarities of land resources are their territorial limitations and the impossibility of replacing them with other means of production. Any plot of land is confined to a specific fragment of geospace characterized by certain natural conditions. These conditions largely determine the place of the territory in the structure of land resources and its assessment from the point of view of probable crop yields. Therefore, the issue of land use falls within the competence of both geographical and environmental sciences. Among the methodological principles of research of land use problems, the leading places are occupied by dialectics, system approach, fundamental provisions of modern constructive geography and ecology. An important role in the study of geographical aspects of land use issues is played by logical methods of cognition – analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. It is important to take into account the latest research approaches in geography – ecoevolutionary, synergetic, noosphere. In particular, the concepts of modern ecology are an important component of the methodological basis for research on land use problems. Also, it is necessary to note the ideas of G. O. Bachinsky, M. M. Moiseev, Y. Odum, M. F. Reimers and other scientists, the essence of which is to find ways to achieve harmonious relations between man and nature. An important part of the methodological basis of the study is the theory of genetic soil science, since it is the soil that determines the possibility of using land in agricultural production. We believe that the most important practical measures in the development of an environmentally sound land use strategy in a particular region are the development of a land cadastre system, the identification of geospatial features in the manifestation of adverse effects of irrational land use on the landscape, the development of the main directions for improving the territorial structure of the region's economy in order to improve the ecological situation and preserve the diversity of natural and economic landscape systems, as well as the rationalization of the land structure.