The role of theoretical knowledge in the development of the methodology of scientific research

Abstract

In the article the interrelation of theoretical knowledge and research methodology in the process of development of science is considered. The essence of the concept "theory" is disclosed, the unity of theory and practice is considered as a methodological principle of scientific research, the constituent elements of any theoretical knowledge, characteristic features of theoretical cognition are given, the features and functions of the scientific theory are indicated, in particular its methodological function. Particular attention is paid to the description of the paradigmatic approach to the development of science of T. Kuhn. Based on this approach, the process of developing the theory within the existing paradigm, the functioning of normal science, the prerequisites for the emergence of new theoretical knowledge and the conditionality of its development adopted in paradigm of research methodology are considered, the mechanism of changing the scientific paradigm is described. The article focuses attention on the contradictory nature of the impact of theoretical knowledge on the development of science as a whole - as a deterrent and as a stimulating factor. The author singles out the characteristic features of research activity, namely: reliance on previously accumulated knowledge, development of previous scientific ideas and theories that serve as a methodological guide;the statement of scientific problems that are specifedby the previous development of theory and objective needs of practice within the framework of the current paradigm;the using of research tools and methodology, formed in this paradigm. The mutual conditionality of the development of theory and methodology of research is underlined. It is concluded that the study of the development of methodology should be considered in close relationship with the development of theoretical knowledge within the framework of a certain scientific paradigm.