Evolution of agriculture in the context of climate changes

Abstract

The foundation of contemporary society is agriculture, which is a significant part of human civilisation. Reduced arable land, climate change, water scarcity, and widespread population and labour migration from rural to urban areas have all slowed agricultural development rates. Therefore, enhancing agricultural output requires the implementation of novel strategies. Agriculture can play a crucial role in promoting economic growth because of its strong forward and backward links with the secondary (industrial) and tertiary (services) sectors. However, this industry has continued to face a number of difficulties, including rising input costs, climate change, temperature variations, a water deficit, and changes in precipitation patterns. Particularly in the areas of the world with the greatest food insecurity, the escalating effects of climate change could further reduce crop production. The paper presents the evolution of agriculture and the main crops grown at national and European level in the context of climate changes.